25. For what grandeur—if you look at the truth without any prejudice4751—is there in these images4752 of which they speak, that the men of old should have had reason to hope and think that, by beholding them, the vices of men could be subdued, and their morals and wicked ways brought under restraint?4753 The reaping-hook, for example, which was assigned to Saturn,4754 was it to inspire mortals with fear, that they should be willing to live peacefully, and to abandon their malicious inclinations? Janus, with double face, or that spiked key by which he has been distinguished; Jupiter, cloaked and bearded, and holding in his right hand a piece of wood shaped like a thunderbolt; the cestus of Juno,4755 or the maiden lurking under a soldier’s helmet; the mother of the gods, with her timbrel; the Muses, with their pipes and psalteries; Mercury, the winged slayer of Argus; Æsculapius, with his staff; Ceres, with huge breasts, or the drinking cup swinging in Liber’s right hand; Mulciber, with his workman s dress; or Fortune, with her horn full of apples, figs, or autumnal fruits; Diana, with half-covered thighs, or Venus naked, exciting to lustful desire; Anubis, with his dog’s face; or Priapus, of less importance4756 than his own genitals: were these expected to make men afraid?
Footnotes
- 4751
Lit., “and without any favour,” gratificatione.
- 4752
Lit., “what great thing have these images in them.”
- 4753
So the ms., first four edd., Elm., Hild., and Oehler, reading mores et maleficia, corrected in the others a maleficio—“morals withheld from wickedness.”
- 4754
Cf. ch. 12, p. 511.
- 4755
The reference is probably to some statue or picture of Juno represented as girt with the girdle of Venus. (Il., xiv. 214).
- 4756
Lit., “inferior.”