20. witchcraft—sorcery; prevalent in Asia (Ac 19:19; compare Re 21).
hatred—Greek, "hatreds."
variance—Greek, "strife"; singular in the oldest manuscripts.
emulations—in the oldest manuscripts, singular—"emulation," or rather, "jealousy"; for the sake of one's own advantage. "Envyings" (Ga 5:21) are even without advantage to the person himself [Bengel].
wrath—Greek, plural, "passionate outbreaks" [Alford].
strife—rather as Greek, "factions," "cabals"; derived from a Greek root, meaning "a worker for hire": hence, unworthy means for compassing ends, factious practices.
seditions—"dissensions," as to secular matters.
heresies—as to sacred things (see on 1Co 11:19). Self-constituted parties; from a Greek root, to choose. A schism is a more recent split in a congregation from a difference of opinion. Heresy is a schism become inveterate [Augustine, Con. Crescon. Don., 2,7].